Docker Compose编排实践：多服务依赖控制与健康检查全解析

nginx (80端口, 前端静态资源+反向代理)
  └── gateway (8080端口, Spring Cloud Gateway)
        ├── auth-service (认证, 依赖MySQL+Redis)
        └── order-service (订单, 依赖MySQL+Redis)
MySQL 8.0.33 (3306端口, 数据卷挂载)
Redis 7.0.12 (6379端口, AOF持久化)

# docker-compose.yml
name: ecommerce-platform

networks:
  frontend:
    driver: bridge
    ipam:
      config:
        - subnet: 172.28.0.0/24   # 固定网段，防止IP漂移
  backend:
    driver: bridge
    ipam:
      config:
        - subnet: 172.29.0.0/24

volumes:
  mysql-data:
    driver: local
  redis-data:
    driver: local

services:
  # ---------- 中间件层 ----------
  mysql:
    image: mysql:8.0.33
    container_name: ecommerce-mysql
    command:
      - --character-set-server=utf8mb4
      - --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
      - --default-authentication-plugin=caching_sha2_password
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD:-root123}
      MYSQL_DATABASE: ecommerce
      MYSQL_USER: app_user
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: app_pass_2024
    volumes:
      - mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql
      - ./init-sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d:ro   # 只读挂载初始化脚本
    networks:
      - backend
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "mysqladmin", "ping", "-h", "127.0.0.1", "-u$$MYSQL_USER", "-p$$MYSQL_PASSWORD"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 3s
      retries: 12
      start_period: 30s   # 给MySQL初次初始化留足时间
    restart: unless-stopped

  redis:
    image: redis:7.0.12-alpine
    container_name: ecommerce-redis
    command: ["redis-server", "--appendonly", "yes", "--requirepass", "${REDIS_PASSWORD:-redis_pass}"]
    volumes:
      - redis-data:/data
    networks:
      - backend
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "redis-cli", "-a", "$$REDIS_PASSWORD", "ping"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 3s
      retries: 5
    restart: unless-stopped

  # ---------- 业务服务层 ----------
  auth-service:
    image: harbor.internal.com/ecommerce/auth-service:1.4.2
    container_name: ecommerce-auth
    environment:
      SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE: prod
      DB_HOST: mysql
      DB_PORT: 3306
      REDIS_HOST: redis
    networks:
      - backend
    depends_on:
      mysql:
        condition: service_healthy
      redis:
        condition: service_healthy
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:8081/actuator/health"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 3
    restart: unless-stopped

  order-service:
    image: harbor.internal.com/ecommerce/order-service:2.1.0
    container_name: ecommerce-order
    environment:
      SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE: prod
      DB_HOST: mysql
      AUTH_SERVICE_URL: http://auth-service:8081   # 内部DNS解析
    networks:
      - backend
    depends_on:
      mysql:
        condition: service_healthy
      redis:
        condition: service_healthy
      auth-service:
        condition: service_healthy   # 订单服务需要认证服务先就绪
    restart: unless-stopped

  # ---------- 网关与入口层 ----------
  gateway:
    image: harbor.internal.com/ecommerce/gateway:3.1.5
    container_name: ecommerce-gateway
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    environment:
      AUTH_SERVICE_URL: http://auth-service:8081
      ORDER_SERVICE_URL: http://order-service:8082
    networks:
      - frontend
      - backend    # 双网卡桥接
    depends_on:
      auth-service:
        condition: service_healthy
      order-service:
        condition: service_healthy
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "wget", "-qO-", "http://localhost:8080/actuator/health"]
      interval: 15s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 3
    restart: unless-stopped

  nginx:
    image: nginx:1.25.3-alpine
    container_name: ecommerce-nginx
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    volumes:
      - ./nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d:ro
      - ./nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro
    networks:
      - frontend
    depends_on:
      gateway:
        condition: service_healthy
    restart: unless-stopped

healthcheck:
  test: ["CMD", "mysqladmin", "ping", "-h", "127.0.0.1", "-u$$MYSQL_USER", "-p$$MYSQL_PASSWORD"]

CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS ecommerce DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4;
USE ecommerce;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `order_info` (
  `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `order_no` VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
  `user_id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  `amount` DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL,
  `status` TINYINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `created_at` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `uk_order_no` (`order_no`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

logging:
  driver: json-file
  options:
    max-size: "50m"
    max-file: "5"