Docker Compose编排多服务项目：网络、健康检查与启动顺序全解析

Docker: 24.0.7
Docker Compose: v2.20.2
操作系统: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (生产) / macOS 14.1 (开发)
Spring Boot: 3.1.5
PostgreSQL: 16.1 (镜像 postgres:16.1-alpine)
Redis: 7.2.3 (镜像 redis:7.2-alpine)
RabbitMQ: 3.12.10 (镜像 rabbitmq:3.12-management-alpine)
Nginx: 1.25.3 (镜像 nginx:1.25.3-alpine)

version: "3.8"

networks:
  frontend:
    driver: bridge
    ipam:
      config:
        - subnet: 172.20.0.0/24
  backend:
    driver: bridge
    ipam:
      config:
        - subnet: 172.21.0.0/24

volumes:
  postgres_data:
    driver: local
  redis_data:
    driver: local
  rabbitmq_data:
    driver: local

services:
  postgres:
    image: postgres:16.1-alpine
    container_name: ecommerce-postgres
    restart: always
    environment:
      POSTGRES_USER: ecommerce_user
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD}  # 从.env文件读取
      POSTGRES_DB: ecommerce_db
    ports:
      - "5432:5432"  # 仅开发环境暴露，生产应去掉
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
      - ./init-scripts:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d:ro  # 初始化SQL脚本
    networks:
      - backend
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U ecommerce_user -d ecommerce_db"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 3s
      retries: 10
      start_period: 10s

  redis:
    image: redis:7.2-alpine
    container_name: ecommerce-redis
    restart: always
    command: redis-server --requirepass ${REDIS_PASSWORD} --appendonly yes
    volumes:
      - redis_data:/data
    networks:
      - backend
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "redis-cli", "-a", "${REDIS_PASSWORD}", "ping"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 3s
      retries: 10
      start_period: 5s

  rabbitmq:
    image: rabbitmq:3.12-management-alpine
    container_name: ecommerce-rabbitmq
    restart: always
    environment:
      RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER: ecommerce_mq
      RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS: ${RABBITMQ_PASSWORD}
    ports:
      - "15672:15672"  # 管理界面
    volumes:
      - rabbitmq_data:/var/lib/rabbitmq
    networks:
      - backend
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "rabbitmq-diagnostics", "-q", "ping"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 10
      start_period: 20s

  app:
    build: ./app  # 使用Dockerfile构建Spring Boot应用
    container_name: ecommerce-app
    restart: always
    depends_on:
      postgres:
        condition: service_healthy
      redis:
        condition: service_healthy
      rabbitmq:
        condition: service_healthy
    environment:
      SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE: production
      DB_HOST: postgres
      DB_PORT: 5432
      DB_NAME: ecommerce_db
      DB_USER: ecommerce_user
      DB_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD}
      REDIS_HOST: redis
      REDIS_PORT: 6379
      REDIS_PASSWORD: ${REDIS_PASSWORD}
      RABBITMQ_HOST: rabbitmq
      RABBITMQ_PORT: 5672
      RABBITMQ_USER: ecommerce_mq
      RABBITMQ_PASSWORD: ${RABBITMQ_PASSWORD}
    networks:
      - backend
      - frontend
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:8080/actuator/health"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5
      start_period: 60s

  nginx:
    image: nginx:1.25.3-alpine
    container_name: ecommerce-nginx
    restart: always
    depends_on:
      app:
        condition: service_healthy
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - ./nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d:ro
      - ./ssl:/etc/nginx/ssl:ro  # SSL证书目录
    networks:
      - frontend
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "wget", "-q", "--spider", "http://localhost/health"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 3

test: ["CMD", "redis-cli", "-a", "$REDIS_PASSWORD", "ping"]

healthcheck:
  test: ["CMD-SHELL", "redis-cli -a $REDIS_PASSWORD ping | grep PONG"]

FROM maven:3.9.6-eclipse-temurin-21 AS builder
COPY pom.xml .
RUN mvn dependency:go-offline -B  # 先缓存依赖

COPY src ./src
RUN mvn package -DskipTests

FROM eclipse-temurin:21-jre-alpine
COPY --from=builder target/*.jar app.jar
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "/app.jar"]